Error codes

0x00000018

REFERENCE_BY_POINTER

What it means

A driver kept count of an object wrongly, so Windows could not safely continue.

Common causes

• A buggy driver, often graphics or antivirus

How to fix it

1. Open the crash dump in WhoCrashed or BlueScreenView: it usually names the driver file that caused it (for example nvlddmkm.sys is the NVIDIA driver).
2. Do a clean graphics driver install with DDU.
3. Update the graphics, chipset and network drivers from the maker's site (NVIDIA, AMD, Intel or your board vendor), not from a driver-updater tool.