Error codes

0x000000C1

SPECIAL_POOL_DETECTED_MEMORY_CORRUPTION

What it means

A driver wrote outside the memory block it was given, damaging data another driver still needed.

Common causes

• A buggy third-party driver, often antivirus, VPN or RGB software
• Faulty RAM
• An outdated chipset driver

How to fix it

1. Open the crash dump in WhoCrashed or BlueScreenView: it usually names the driver file that caused it (for example nvlddmkm.sys is the NVIDIA driver).
2. Uninstall third-party antivirus, VPN and RGB tools one at a time and test for a day each.
3. Update the graphics, chipset and network drivers from the maker's site (NVIDIA, AMD, Intel or your board vendor), not from a driver-updater tool.
4. Test the RAM: run Windows Memory Diagnostic (search mdsched) or MemTest86 from a USB stick. Any error means a stick or its speed setting is the problem.